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A Complex adaptive system is a 'complex macroscopic collection' of relatively 'similar and partially connected micro-structures' – formed in order to adapt to the changing environment, and increase its survivability as a macro-structure.〔〔〔 They are ''complex'' in that they are dynamic networks of interactions, and their relationships are not aggregations of the individual static entities. They are ''adaptive'' in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events.〔〔 == Overview == The term ''complex adaptive systems'', or ''complexity science'', is often used to describe the loosely organized academic field that has grown up around the study of such systems. Complexity science is not a single theory— it encompasses more than one theoretical framework and is highly interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems. Typical examples of complex adaptive systems include: the global macroeconomic network within a country or group of countries; stock market and complex web of cross border holding companies; social insect (e.g. ant) colonies;〔 the biosphere and the ecosystem; the brain and the immune system; the cell and the developing embryo; manufacturing businesses; and any human social group-based endeavour in a particular ideology and social system such as political parties, communities, geopolitical organisations, war, and terrorist networks of both hierarchical and leaderless nature.〔〔 The internet and cyberspace - composed, collaborated, and managed by a complex mix of human–computer interactions, is also regarded as a complex adaptive system.〔〔〔 The fields of CAS and artificial life are closely related. In both areas the principles of emergence and self-organization are very important. The ideas and models of CAS are essentially evolutionary, grounded in modern chemistry, biological views on adaptation, exaptation and evolution and simulation models in economics and social systems. The study of CAS focuses on complex, emergent and macroscopic properties of the system.〔〔〔 John H. Holland said that CAS "are systems that have a large numbers of components, often called agents, that interact and adapt or learn."〔Holland, John H.; (2006). "Studying Complex Adaptive Systems." ''Journal of Systems Science and Complexity'' 19 (1): 1-8. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/41486〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Complex adaptive system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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